1.The Increasing Importance, Growth, and Evolution of Doctoral Training; Jung Cheol Shin, Barbara M. Kehm & Glen A. Jones -- Part I. Doctoral Training in European Systems -- 2. Doctoral Education, Training and Work in Germany; Christian Schneijderberg & Ulrich Teichler -- 3. Doctoral Training in Sweden: History, Trends and Developments; Lars Geschwind -- 4. Cooperation and Competition in Swiss Doctoral Training: For the Sake of the Knowledge Society?; Lukas Baschung -- 5. A Tale of Expansion and Change Major Trends in Doctoral Training and in Doctoral Population in Portugal; Pedro Teixeira & Pedro Videira -- Part II. Doctoral Training in Anglo-American Systems -- 6. US Doctoral Study to Early Career; William K. Cummings & Olga Bain -- 7. Growth and Diversification of Doctoral Education in the United Kingdom; Barbara M. Kehm, Richard P. J. Freeman & William Locke -- 8. Development and Future Directions of Higher Degree Research Training in Australia; Peter James Bentley & V. Lynn Meek -- 9. Doctoral Education in Canada; Glen A. Jones -- Part III. Doctoral Training in East Asian Systems -- 10. Doctoral Education in Japan: Historical Development and Challenges; Akira Arimoto -- 11. Doctoral training in South Korea: On the Way Toward Becoming an Independent Research Hub; Heejin Lim & Jung Cheol Shin -- 12. Doctoral Education in China: Changes and Challenges; Futao Huang -- 13. Doctoral Training in Taiwan: Socio-economic Development and Doctoral Training; Robin Jung-Cheng Chen -- 14. Conclusion: Doctoral Education and Training: A Global Convergence?; Barbara M. Kehm, Jung Cheol Shin & Glen A. Jones. .

This book explores and compares the systems of doctoral education in twelve higher education systems, consisting of four systems in East Asia, four in Europe and four Anglo-American systems. The emphasis placed on doctoral education and training has increased dramatically in many higher education systems in response to the global competition for highly skilled human resources to serve the needs of knowledge societies. Doctoral education is a key element within the research and development infrastructure, and doctoral students support university research and represent the next generation of the professoriate. While doctoral education has received considerable attention within national higher education systems, there has been surprisingly little international or comparative research on the structure of doctoral education and the nature of contemporary reforms. .